Impak Perjanjian Perdagangan Hak Harta Intelektual (TRIPS), Undangundang Paten Antarabangsa ke atas Negara Membangun Impact of the Intellectual Property Rights Trade Agreement (TRIPS), International Patent Law on Developing Countries

Abstract

The article discusses the role and the impact of the Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) in the economic development of the developing countries. IPRs in recent years became a controversial issue. The fiery debate surrounding the issue happened immediately as soon as the signing of the Trade Agreement on Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) by member countries (Bronckers 1994). In the beginning, TRIPS had never became an important issue in GATT. In fact, during the Uruguay Round of GATT, which established the World Trade Organisation (WTO) (Siebeck 1990a) in 1994, Intellectual Property Rights had never attracted any attention. However, several major things happened in the recent years, had made the members of the WTO realised that this issue had indeed became one of the most important agenda of the WTO and carries a profound impact towards the developing countries.

Artikel tersebut membincangkan peranan dan kesan Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (IPR) dalam pembangunan ekonomi negara-negara membangun. IPR dalam beberapa tahun kebelakangan ini menjadi isu kontroversi. Perdebatan yang berapi-api mengenai isu ini berlaku sebaik sahaja menandatangani Perjanjian Perdagangan Hak Harta Intelek Berkaitan Perdagangan (TRIPS) oleh negara-negara anggota (Bronckers 1994). Pada mulanya, TRIPS tidak pernah menjadi isu penting dalam GATT. Sebenarnya, semasa Pusingan Uruguay GATT, yang menubuhkan Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia (WTO) (Siebeck 1990a) pada tahun 1994, Hak Kekayaan Intelektual tidak pernah menarik perhatian. Namun, beberapa perkara besar terjadi dalam beberapa tahun kebelakangan ini, membuat anggota WTO menyedari bahawa isu ini memang menjadi salah satu agenda WTO yang paling penting dan membawa kesan yang mendalam kepada negara-negara membangun.