Aplikasi Qawā‘id Fiqhiyyah Dalam Fatwa Kontemporari Dr Sa‘īd Ramaḍān Al-Būṭī

(The Application of Qawāʿid Fiqhiyyah in Contemporary Fatwas: Dr. Saʿīd Ramaḍān al-Būṭī)

Abstract

This study examines the utilization of qawā‘id fiqhiyyah (Islamic legal maxims) by Muḥammad Sa‘īd Ramadān al-Būṭī in issuing fatwas related to contemporary issues. These legal maxims demonstrate the concerted efforts of Islamic scholars to develop a robust framework for resolving emerging legal dilemmas. The research focuses on al-Būṭī’s application of qawā‘id fiqhiyyah in addressing modern challenges, such as organ donation, the use of prohibited substances in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, and the question of rebellion against Muslim rulers. The study adopts a qualitative approach by analyzing al-Būṭī’s fatwas, highlighting how he integrated the principles of Islamic law with rational analysis in his ijtihād to provide relevant and pragmatic solutions. The findings reveal that al-Būṭī effectively employed qawā‘id fiqhiyyah through a critical thinking framework, emphasizing objectivity, thorough analysis, and concern for public welfare (maṣlaḥah). This research underscores al-Būṭī’s role in upholding the dynamic tradition of Islamic jurisprudence and demonstrates the effectiveness of qawā‘id fiqhiyyah as a systematic tool for addressing contemporary legal challenges. The study concludes that al-Būṭī’s approach not only reflects a deep understanding of Islamic principles but also showcases the enduring relevance of legal maxims in responding to the evolving needs of modern society.